The eNotes Blog Teachers Who Tweet 50 Educators You ShouldFollow

Instructors Who Tweet 50 Educators You ShouldFollow Its nothing unexpected that Twitter, inarguablyâ one of the most well known social stages, has more than tweens and hip brands (like us, obviously!) tweeting tidbitsâ into the universe. Instructors, teachers, and different sorts of instructors utilize this stage to carry the scholarly community into the 21st Century, share thoughts, and mentally impact their adherents. Weve set up a rundown of the top tweetin teachers based on high Klout scores, substance, and commitment. Regardless of whether they are examining revolutionaryâ edtech strategies, intersectional woman's rights, or race relations we think they are great and you ought to too! Simply tap on their names to tail them exclusively, or look at this convenient Twitter list. Anybody we should include? Tell us in the remarks! 1. Lawrence Lessig | @lessig Educator of Law at Harvard Law School 2. Marc Lamont Hill | @marclamonthill Educator of African American Studies at Morehouse College  3. Alec Couros | @courosa Educator of Media at University of Regina 4. Wear Wettrick | @DonWettrick Advancement Coordinator at Noblesville High School 5. Carrie Brown | @Brizzyc Social Journalism Director at CUNY 6. Tom Whitby | @tomwhitby Resigned Educator and Active EdTech Blogger and Speaker 7. Shannon Miller | @shannonmiller Educator Librarian and Educational Consultant 8. Satisfaction Mayer | @mayerjoy Partner Professor at the Missouri School of Journalism 9. Lyndsay Kirkham | @HisFeministMama School Professor in Ontario 10. Kevin Jarrett | @kjarrett Affirmed K-4 Tech/STEM Teacher  11. Blair LM Kelley | @profblmkelley Partner Professor of History at North Carolina State University and Assistant Dean of Interdisciplinary Studies and International Programs 12. Oliver Schinkten | @schink10 Instructor at Lynda.com 13. Cindy Royal | @CindyRoyal Partner Professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Texas State University 14.  Wang Ping | @wangjingping English Professor at Macalester College 15. A.J. Hoge | @ajhoge Proprietor of Effortless English, LLC  16. AJ Juliani | @ajjuliani Training and Technology Innovation Specialist 17. Laura K. Uncivilized | @lkl Essayist and Editor of French Learning Site, Lawless French 18. Karen Austin | @TheGenAboveMe Aide Professor at Wichita State University 19.  Thema Bryant-Davis | @drthema Partner Professor at Pepperdine University 20. Kathy E Gill | @kegill Educator at University of Washington  21. C.W. Anderson | @Chanders Partner Professor at College of Staten Island 22. Kenna Griffin | @profkrg Mass Communication Professor at Oklahoma City University  23. Eric Mazur | @eric_mazur Physicist and Educator at Harvard University 24. Yong Zhao | @YongZhaoUO Executive of Institute of Global and Online Education at University of Oregon 25. James K.A. Smith | @james_ka_smith Educator of Philosophy at Calvin College 26.  Nancy Rubin | @nancyrubin Official Director Columbia Video Network at Columbia University 27. Erin Olsen | @eolsonteacher Instructional Technology Consultant 28. Tami Brass | @brasst Executive of Instructional Technology at St. Paul Academy and Summit School 29. Dave Batstone | @DaveBatstone Educator at University of San Francisco 30. Jon Becker | @jonbecker Executive, Learning Innovation Online Academic Programs at Virginia Commonwealth University 31.  Diane Main | @Dowbiggin Executive of Learning Innovation Design at The Harker School 32.  Peter Ubertaccio | @ProfessorU Partner Dean for Interdisciplinary Programs and Director of the Joseph Martin Institute at Stonehill College 33. Karen Russell | @karenrussell Educator at the University of Georgia 34. Brandon David Wilson | @Geniusbastard English Teacher and Filmmaker 35.  Michelle Baldwin | @michellek107 Lead Teacher at Anastasis Academy 36. Diana Laufenberg | @dlaufenberg SLA Teacher and Consultant 37. Cindy Minnich | @CBethM Secondary School English Teacherâ and Certified School Librarian 38. Ben Kuhlman | @bkuhl2you Center School Teacher (proficiency, social investigations, and science) 39. Holly Tucker | @history_geek Educator in the Department of French Italian and in the Center for Biomedical Ethics Society 40. Julie D. Ramsay | @JulieDRamsay Creator and sixth Grade Teacher 41.  Ben Owens | @engineerteacher Secondary School Physics and Mathematics Teacher 42. Alice Daer | @alicedaer English Professor at Arizona State University 43. Shawn Ram | @shawnrram Educator (Special Education Grades 1-4) at Brightbank Academy 44. Chris Aviles | @TechedUpTeacher Ed Tech Coach for Fair Haven School District 45. Pernille Ripp | @pernilletipp seventh Grade Teacher and Creator of the Global Read Aloud Project 46. Lyn Hilt | @lynhilt Rudimentary Instructional Tech Integrator and Coach  47. Vicki Davis | @coolcatteacher Educator/Technology Administrator and EdTech Consultant 48. Josh Stumpenhorst | @stumpteacher sixth grade Language Arts and Social Science Teacher 49. Patrick Larkin | @patrickmlarkin Right hand Superintendent for Learning in Burlington Public Schools 50. Steven W. Anderson | @web2classroom Previous Classroom Teacher and Director of Instructional Technology, Current Speaker

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

An unnatural weather change - Essay Example Global warming has had the option to assume an extremely huge job inside the time and period of today and the job of the media has been wretched to express the least. There has been accentuation on the way that an unnatural weather change has made worldwide partition among the individuals. From one viewpoint, they decode this as something which accompanies the changing time while at the other, they believe that a dangerous atmospheric devation is making more issues for the coming ages and the impacts have begun to come about today also. The an Earth-wide temperature boost philosophy has been spoken about a lot by the media since they accept this is one point that they can't dispose of. They are of the sentiment that discussing the a worldwide temperature alteration issue would just cause individuals to acknowledge about the gravity of the current circumstance and what precisely should be done about exactly the same. The media along these lines determines its foundation through such c onversations on an unnatural weather change since it feels that it has an obligation to which it needs to stick. The supporters of media assuming its job inside an Earth-wide temperature boost recommend that media has contacted the better focuses which would warrant consideration by the individuals in a positive manner. To be sure it is essential to make individuals mindful of the an Earth-wide temperature boost issues which are occurring everywhere throughout the world and have been in the news for fortunate or unfortunate reasons. Additionally the various papers, magazines and publications have welcomed a lot of weight on the bodies which have been authorized for the sake of a worldwide temperature alteration. This is the motivation behind why an unnatural weather change has been viewed as a significant obstacle towards making issues for the individuals and all the more so their more youthful ages. This includes pretty much everybody and not the individuals alone.

The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students

The Revolutionary War Essay Reasons for the Revolutionary WarThe heedless and disordered British guideline of the American settlements in the decade before the flare-up prompted the Revolutionary War. The botch of the settlements, the tax collection approaches that abused the pioneer rights, the interruptions of remote wars and legislative issues in England and mercantilist strategies that profited the English to an a lot more prominent degree then the pilgrims all show the British inadequacy in their standard over the states. The approaches and interruptions were a portion of the reasons for the Revolutionary War. The interests of England inside the states were egotistical. The English were attempting to oversee the provinces by utilizing the mercantilist framework. Mercantilism is the point at which the state coordinates all the financial exercises inside its fringes (Blum). Britain was not endeavoring to roll out any improvements that would support the pioneers. They constrained the provinces business to inward exchange just (Miller 9). The English were misusing the settlements by requesting that the states import more from England then they traded to the provinces. They were bringing in crude materials from the settlements and making them into exportable merchandise in England. They would then transport these merchandise to remote market all around the globe including the pilgrims (America Online). All through the seventeenth century the English considered America to be a spot to get materials they didnt have at home and a market to sell completed items after the merchandise had been produc ed. This was hindering to the provinces since it kept them from assembling any of the crude materials they delivered, and made them progressively subordinate upon England. We will compose a custom exposition on The Revolutionary War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Notwithstanding the distress brought about by their mercantilist strategies, local policy centered issues diverted them from the exercises of the settlements. All through the sixteen hundreds, Great Britain was progressively engaged with unraveling the Constitutional issue of who was to have more force in English government, the ruler or parliament. At the point when this mind boggling issue was at long last settled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England turned its consideration back to the provinces and found that pilgrims had built up their own way of life as Americans. There was no focal office in England to control what was going on in the settlements. The official expert in England was separated among a few priests and magistrates that didn't demonstration rapidly or as one. Additionally, the Board of Trade, the body in England, didn't have the ability to settle on choices or to authorize orders. Because of the interruptions from the perplexing sacred issues and ineffectual legislative association, the homesteaders felt additionally isolated from England (Blum 51). The political scene in England was bound with debasement. Officials of the administration sent to the provinces were frequently pay off taking lawmakers that were not brilliant enough to hold government positions in England. After Grenville and Townshend, the most bumbling was Lord North, who became Prime Minister in 1770 after the demise of Charles Townshend. North was the sort of legislator George had been searching for, a trudging, hounded, productive man, neither a moron nor a virtuoso, much like the lord himself. For the following twelve years, in spite of the restriction of abler men, he stayed at the leader of the administration (Blum 104). Debasement and inadequacy among administering government officials frequently made their standard over the settlements inadequate. In the years paving the way to the last decade before the American Revolution, the connection between Great Britain and her provinces in North America kept on weakening. Relations started to decline with the extraordinary triumph over the French and Indians in the Seven Years War. Unwanted British soldiers had stayed in the provinces. Obligations from this war caused the Prime Minister at that point, Lord Grenville, to obligation that had multiplied since 1754 (Blum 95). Britain passed numerous Acts that were misguided and had long haul impacts on the connection among England and the settlements. The most dubious of these were immediate charges. The last time Parliament had attempted an immediate assessment was as later as 1765, when Lord Grenville sanctioned the Stamp Act which constrained the settlers to pay or stamps on printed reports (Higginbotham 34). The Americans felt the charges of Lord Grenville were a conscious intend to exclude the settlers by precluding them the rights f rom securing the English (Blum 96). The first of these demonstrations were The Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students The Revolutionary War Essay The Revolutionary War Essay was a gigantic piece of American history. The insurgency in Russia, that started the oust of socialism, was a gigantic piece of Russian history. The transformation of Christianity from the ideas of Greek divine beings was likewise a huge piece of strict history. Christianity and Greek divine beings have numerous correlations, contrasts, and these differentiations brought about Christianity being progressive. The ideas of Christianity and the strict ideas of the Greek divine beings are relatively similar. To start, in the two religions, people accept that there are speakers for their God/divine beings. Divine beings don't address negligible humans. These individuals are the clerics who instruct of the divine beings ways and needs. Some are crystal gazers or prophets, as they were brought in Greek occasions, that prognosticate what's to come. For instance, Tiriesias, in the plays Oedipus the Lord and Antigone, was a visually impaired prophet who could see the future and prognosticate it to individuals. In Greek occasions the prophets were of high societal position. We will compose a custom article on The Revolutionary War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Additionally, the individuals accept that their God or divine beings are over every single human position. They accept a divine being is most importantly and tunes in to individuals when they need help. This is the reason people go to the God/divine beings for absolution. The two strict perspectives likewise accept that the God/divine beings are looking out for their devotees. The God/divine beings choose either previously or after a people life on earth where the individual will live in existence in the wake of death, contingent upon the people esteems. Both trust one would either go to an awful place, called Hell or Hades, or a decent spot, called paradise or on the other hand the Elysian Fields. In like manner both have faith in a the great beyond that is forever picked. The thoughts of the devotees of Christianity and Greek religions are likewise totally different. To start, Christians put stock in one god-like God. This is moreover known as monotheism. Christians accept this God gave the world his lone child. At the point when that child was executed by a human, He advised the individuals He would kick the bucket to pardon their sins. This shows God and His child were both mindful what's more, sympathetic creatures. They are regarded by the supporters of Christianity. God helps people. People go to this God for help and absolution. Individuals likewise go to chapel to find out about their religion and to offer their feelings of appreciation to God. The congregation is believed to be Gods house. This is the reason individuals get spruced up and attempt to look pleasant when they are visitors in Gods house. God and Jesus are thought to live in paradise. Greeks, notwithstanding, are altogether different from Christians. They put stock in numerous divine beings. This is additionally known as polytheism. These divine beings are mean and torment the people for fouling up. In the play Antigone, the pioneer speaks, Must, King and rapidly as well. The divine beings, incited, never stand by to cut men down.1 This statement demonstrates how irritable the divine beings are. These equivalent divine beings predetermine a people destiny. Destiny is likewise decided normally by a family revile. As in Antigone, the Greek disaster, Antigone states, What more do you think could Zeus expect of us to stack the revile that is on the House of Oedipus?2 This statement shows how Zeus, a Greek god, has decided Antigones destiny by the revile that has been put on her family. A people destiny is predicted and is kept by the prophets. Oedipus prophet expresses that he would slaughter his dad and wed his mom. This prophet works out despite the fact that numerous individuals of the city of Thebes don't have the foggiest idea about that Oedipus is Jocasta and Liaus child since they requested their child to be killed. Individuals of Greek occasions don't join in church; they are recounted their fates by prophets or by other relatives. They do, be that as it may, likewise attempt to please the divine beings with the goal that they are not rebuffed. The Greek divine beings are thought to live over the Greek residents on a mountain named Olympus. .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .postImageUrl , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:hover , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:visited , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:active { border:0!important; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:active , .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u00b62a301d479cfaa5b3ef665628645c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shado

The Dictation of Genre Respective Failures and Successes of Communication in Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shalott” and Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber” - Literature Essay Samples

Both Alfred Lord Tennyson’s â€Å"The Lady of Shalott† and Angela Carter’s â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† involve women artists as their main characters—The Lady of Shalott weaves artful, colorful webs and the narrator in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† is a talented pianist—making them prime candidates for comparison. In Tennyson’s poem, communication breaks down between reality and art, as manifested in the mediation of the Lady’s mirror. In Carter’s story, there seems to be a more exclusive relationship between reality and art, as manifested in the blind piano-tuner who eventually becomes the narrator’s savior. The shift in art’s relationship with reality, in communication breakdown to the success of communication, in these two pieces reflects the differing attitudes of Victorian and Postmodernist writers to language and communication.In Tennyson’s â€Å"The Lady of Shalott,† the Lady knows that she is cursed and must not â€Å"look down to Camelot† (41), but â€Å"she knows not what the curse may be† (42). That is, the Lady is not sure of what, exactly, the curse entails and therefore witnesses the city’s events through a mediated source—a mirror—and is never fully able to witness reality. The Lady abides by the curses vague bylaws, avoids looking directly at the scene below her window, and weaves her webs by watching scenes unfold through the mirror. Communication breaks down here between the Lady of Shalott and reality; her work only represents â€Å"shadows† of reality (48). The mirror through which the Lady glimpses life and reality robs the events and people she sees of their authenticity and tangibility, leaving the Lady with mere silhouettes, fabrications of the real world. This form of pseudo-reality leaves the Lady disgruntled and unsatisfied, to the point where she says: â€Å"‘I am half-sick of shadows’â⠂¬  (71). The Lady of Shalott realizes this breakdown in communication and grows tired of her false reality, yearning for the actual picture of life that is opened outside her window. The Lady is the ultimate Victorian figure, sequestered to her lonely tower, completely unattainable and tragically curse to never fully glimpse the life that thrive around her. She is the epitome of the Victorian woman, and her artwork, which necessitates communication breakdown, is the epitome of Victorian art.If the Lady is supposed to represent the artist, we see how mediated reality affects works of art. The â€Å"web† that the Lady â€Å"weaves† (64-5-65) is the result of her labors, but is not the whole of her art. The mirror plays an especially important role in the relay of object to subject, of reality to art. That is, the mirror—the inherent source of communication breakdown—is an integral part of an artist’s work. In terms of the Victorian artist, this com munication breakdown is necessary in order to allow for the presence of the audience or viewer. The very nature of art is the mediation of reality; that is, art is art because it is not reality, but rather a representation of it. Art is the subject, not the object. There is room for and even a requirement of interpretation. The audience becomes the most important aspect of an art piece because it reconciles this break down of communication. When one examines a piece of art, something is mended—the artwork is granted its essence because a viewer projects meaning or significance. To say that artwork is inherently meaningful negates the position of the viewer. That is, art necessitates the viewer to reconcile the communication breakdown that occurs between reality and representation because it cannot do that in and of itself. Victorian art begs the question, If a tree falls in the middle of the woods with nobody around, will it make a sound? According to the Lady’s artwor k and the communication breakdown that occurs which, in turn, necessitates a viewer, the answer to the above question would be, No.This relationship between art and its audience then leads one to reconsider the relationship of the Lady of Shalott to her own artwork—her webs—and what role communication breakdown plays in her, as well as the Victorian artist’s, fate. The Lady is her only audience, making the cycle of reality, mediation, art, and audience internal and self-sufficient. There is no room for interpretation because the only audience to the artwork is its very creator. In this sense, the Lady of Shalott’s artwork fails because it does not successfully mediate the necessary communication breakdown on which art relies; that is, the audience has no agency because the artwork’s only audience, in this case, is the artist, herself. Once the Lady of Shalott breaks the rule of mediation, however, the curse of mortality falls upon her and she even tually dies, though it is only then that her artwork leaves the unyielding loom behind, freed from predetermination and eligible to be interpreted fully through the formerly-absent communication breakdown. As the Lady of Shalott spies Lancelot moving through her mirror, she leaves the web and the loom behind to look out the window and glimpse reality. In doing so, the Lady upsets her loom and artwork: â€Å"out flew the web and floated wide; / the mirror cracked from side to side† (114-115). In disobeying the mandates of her curse, the constraints of her artwork, the Lady unconsciously frees her art, letting it â€Å"fly† and â€Å"float wide.† Furthermore, the mirror—the source of mediation—cracks and is destroyed because there is no longer a need for such mediation. The Lady is no longer bound to her art and her webs are free for interpretation; they are no longer objects but subjects and have transformed into true art because, finally, they allo w for the communication breakdown to facilitate subjectivity and interpretation. Not until the webs were freed from their creator—until they became subjects to a breakdown of communication—could they fully realize their actual potential as art. The utility and status of communication in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† is very different from the communication breakdown that occurs in â€Å"The Lady of Shalott,† though it maintains the same sort of strident adherence to its genre’s—the postmodern—bylaws. In Carter’s short story, the art of the narrator, a talented pianist, communicates clearly and efficiently to her future lover, a blind piano tuner. While the piano tuner’s disability should limit the power and agency of art, making communication near impossible and, therefore, incurring a communication breakdown, the power of the narrator’s art makes communication possible, even unstoppable. In the house of her new husba nd, the young, naà ¯ve narrator of â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† sits down to play at her very own piano to find that â€Å"only a series of subtle discords flowed from beneath [her] fingers† (16). The narrator continues, asserting that the piano is â€Å"only a little out of tune,† but that she had â€Å"been blessed with a perfect ear and could not bear to play anymore† (16). Whereas the Lady of Shalott toils away in her tower, limited by and obedient to the curse that constricts both her and her art and, consequently, tailoring her art to reality, Carter’s narrator tailors reality to her art, making successful communication possible.By insisting on hiring a piano tuner, though â€Å"sea breezes are bad for pianos† (16), the narrator tailors reality to her art and, consequently, encounters her future lover, the piano tuner, who eventually serves as an example of how successful communication through art can be. After hearing the narrator play, Jean-Yves, the blind piano tuner, falls in love with her art and with her. We know that Carter’s narrator is a young, naà ¯ve virgin and that her heart is playful, but pure. Her art successfully communicates her virtue to the piano tuner, and there is not a communication breakdown that occurs, but rather a direct transfer of meaning from the artist to the audience. The communication breakdown in â€Å"The Lady of Shalott† was necessary because of the artistic medium—webs or weavings—and the ideals of Victorian literature: unobtainable objectives and external inspirations. The success of communication in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† is partially contributed to the art form—music—but also to the ideals of postmodernist literature: that, when taken at face value, art is perhaps the only true form of communication because it defies all laws of traditional values. After Carter’s narrator has witnessed the brutality of her new husband , she returns to her place of solace—her piano room—where Jean-Yves eavesdrops on her playing. He tells the narrator of his love for her art, flattering her: â€Å"When I heard you play this afternoon, I thought I’d never heard such a touch. Such technique. A treat for me, to hear a virtuoso!† (32). He knows that she is distraught after finding the bloody chamber and â€Å"some intuition [tells him that the narrator] could not sleep and might, perhaps, pass the insomniac hours at [her] piano† (31). In a time of confusion and unrest, Jean-Yves assumes that the narrator will resort to the clarity and efficiency of her art because the certainty and security it provides is enticing. The narrator’s art communicates clearly and fluently the intentions and attitudes of the artist. It is not a mere reflection of reality, as it is in the webs of â€Å"The Lady of Shalott,† but rather the creation of reality. Art has far more agency and effecti veness in communication in postmodernist literature, as seen in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber,† than it does in Victorian literature. In both texts, however, the art and resulting forms of communication, or lack thereof, are not intended for a specific audience. Both the Lady of Shalott and Carter’s narrator perform their artistic tasks for themselves, yet the artwork Carter’s narrator manages to communication successfully, albeit unintentionally, to her audience—her true love. As her murderous husband prepares to decapitate her, Jean-Yves stands by the narrator, knowing he can do nothing to save her, but willing to risk his life for her. Their link is the earnest, successful communication that developed from the narrator’s artwork. The successfulness of communication is plainly manifested in the fates of the two women. The Lady of Shalott, her artwork suffering from a cycle of disrupted and incomplete communication breakdown, dies in a boat that is slo wly floating toward the man she loves. The narrator of â€Å"The Bloody Chamber,† however, survives her murderous husband by means of the successful nature of her communication. She unknowingly but effectively uses her artwork—her music—to connect with Jean-Yves, who ends of being her lifelong lover and husband. The fates of these two women are undeniably tied to their art and the effectiveness of the communication that stems from such artwork. Communication’s shift from breakdown to success is paramount in elucidating the shift in the perception of artwork from Victorian views to postmodern views. That is, â€Å"The Lady of Shalott† showcases the communication breakdown between reality and art because Victorian artwork is based in subjectivity, thus necessitating a communication breakdown, where the audience is in a position of power and utility. In â€Å"The Bloody Chamber,† a postmodern text, art clearly communicates emotion and circumsta nce, making the communication between reality and art far more immediate and successful. While Tennyson’s â€Å"The Lady of Shalott† and Carter’s â€Å"The Bloody Chamber† involve two different representations of communication via artwork, they are both representative of their respective literary genres—Victorianism and postmodernism—and serve as effective examples of the evolution of communicative methods and tendencies throughout literature.

Caesars Gallic Wars and Vercingetorix

One of Gauls most colorful historical figures is Vercingetorix, who acted as war chief for all the Gallic tribes who were trying to throw off the Roman yoke during the Gallic Wars. Vercingetorix and Caesar are the main figures in Book VII of De Bello Gallico, Caesars narrative about his wars in Gaul, although the Roman allies, the Aedui, also play a large role. This period of revolt follows the earlier Gallic battles at Bibracte, Vosges, and Sabis. By the end of Book VII Caesar has put down the Gallic revolt. The following is a summary of Book VII of De Bello Gallico, with some explanatory notes. Vercingetorix, son of Celtillus, a member of the Gallic tribe of Arverni, sent ambassadors out to Gallic tribes not yet allied with him asking them to join him in his endeavor to get rid of the Romans. By peaceful means or by attacking, he added troops from the Gallic tribes of the Senones (the tribe connected with the band of Gauls responsible for the sack of Rome in 390 B.C.), Parisii, Pictones, Cadurci, Turones, Aulerci, Lemovice, the Ruteni, and others to his own armed forces. Vercingetorix had used the Roman system of demanding hostages to ensure loyalty and ordered a levy of troops from each of these groups. He then took supreme command. He tried to ally the Biturgies, but they resisted and sent ambassadors to the Aedui for help against Vercingetorix. The Biturgies were dependents of the Aedui and the Aedui were allies of Rome (Brothers and Kinsmen of the Roman People 1.33). The Aedui started to help but then turned back perhaps because, as they said, they suspected the Biturgi es of complicity with the Arverni. Perhaps because they lacked the support of the Aedui, the Biturgies gave in to Vercingetorix. It is possible the Aedui already planned to revolt against Rome. When Caesar heard about the alliance, he realized it was a threat, so he left Italy and set out for Transalpine Gaul, a Roman province since 121 B.C., but he didnt have his regular army, although he did have some German cavalry and troops he had in Cisalpine Gaul. He had to figure out how to reach the main forces without putting them in danger. Meanwhile, Vercingetorix ambassador, Lucterius, continued to gain allies. He added the Nitiobriges and Gabali and then headed to Narbo, which was in the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, so Caesar headed to Narbo, which made Lucterius retreat. Caesar changed his direction and advanced into the territory of the Helvii, then on to the borders of the Arverni. Vercingetorix marched his troops there in order to defend his people. Caesar, no longer able to do without the rest of his forces, left Brutus in command while he went to Vienna where his cavalry was stationed. Next stop was the Aedui, one of Romes main allies in Gaul, and where two of Cae sars legions were wintering. From there, Caesar sent word to the other legions of the danger presented by Vercingetorix, ordering them to come to his assistance ASAP. Vellaunodunum When Vercingetorix learned what Caesar was doing, he headed back to the Biturgies and then to the non-allied Boiian town of Gergovia in order to attack it. Caesar sent ahead messages to the Boii to encourage them to resist. Heading towards the Boii, Caesar left two legions at Agendicum. En route, at the Senones town of Vellaunodunum, Caesar decided to attack so there wouldnt be an enemy on his heels. He also figured he would take the opportunity to gain provisions for his troops. Especially during the winter when there was little to forage, having food could decide the outcome of a battle. Because of this, allied towns that werent potential enemies at ones back might still be destroyed to make sure the enemy army starved or retreated. This is what Vercingetorix would soon develop as one of his main policies. After Caesars troops surrounded Vellaunodunum, the town sent out their ambassadors. Caesar ordered them to surrender their weapons and to bring out their cattle and 600 hostages. With arrangements made and Trebonius left in charge, Caesar set out for Genabum, a Carnute town that had been preparing to send troops to help Vellaunodum fight, Caesar. The Romans pitched camp and when the townspeople tried to escape at night via a bridge across the Loire River, Caesars troops took possession of the town, pillaged and burned it, and then headed across the Loire bridge into the Biturgies territory. Noviodunum This move prompted Vercingetorix to stop his siege of Gergovia. He marched towards Caesar who was beginning a siege of Noviodunum. Noviodunum ambassadors begged Caesar to pardon them and spare them. Caesar ordered their weapons, horses, and hostages. While Caesars men went into town to gather up the arms and horses, Vercingetorix army appeared on the horizon. This inspired the people of Noviodunum to take up arms and shut the gates, backing down from their surrender. Since the people of Noviodunum were going back on their word, Caesar attacked. The town lost a number of men before the town surrendered again. Avaricum Caesar then marched to Avaricum, a well-fortified town in the Biturgies territory. Before responding to this new threat, Vercingetorix called a war council, telling the other leaders that the Romans must be kept from getting provisions. Since it was winter, foraged provisions were hard to come by and the Romans would have to leave. Vercingetorix suggested a scorched-earth policy. If a property lacked a good defense it would be burned. In this way, they destroyed 20 of their own Biturgies towns. The Biturgies begged that Vercingetorix not burn their noblest city, Avaricum. He relented, reluctantly. Vercingetorix then set up camp 15 miles from Avaricum and whenever Caesars men went foraging at a distance, some of Vercingetorix men attacked them. Caesar meanwhile built towers but could not build a wall around the city, as he would have wished, because it was enclosed by rivers and marshes. Caesar besieged the town for 27 days building towers and walls while the Gauls built countering devices. The Romans finally had success with a sudden attack, which frightened many of the Gauls into flight. And so, the Romans entered the town and massacred the inhabitants. About 800 in Caesars reckoning escaped to reach Vercingetorix. Caesars troops found ample provisions, and by this time winter was almost over. Vercingetorix was able to calm the other leaders despite all the recent disasters. Especially in the case of Avaricum, He could say the Romans didnt defeat them by valor but by a new technique the Gauls hadnt seen before, and besides, he might have said, he had wanted to torch Avaricum but had only left it standing because of the pleas of the Biturgies. The allies were appeased and supplied Vercingetorix with replacement troops for those he had lost. He even added allies to his roster, including Teutomarus, the son of Ollovicon, the king of the Nitiobriges, who was a friend of Rome on the basis of a formal treaty (amicitia). Aeduan Revolt The Aedui, Romes allies, came to Caesar with their political problem: their tribe was led by a king who held power for a year, but this year there were two contenders, Cotus and Convitolitanis. Caesar was afraid that if he didnt arbitrate, one side would turn to Vercingetorix for support of its cause, so he stepped in. Caesar decided against Cotus and in favor of Convitolitanis. He then asked the Aedui to send him all their cavalry plus 10,000 infantry. Caesar split his army and gave Labienus 4 legions to lead north, towards the Senones and Parisii while he led 6 legions into Arverni country towards Gergovia, which was on the banks of the Allier. Vercingetorix broke down all bridges over the river, but this proved only a temporary set-back for the Romans. The two armies pitched their camps on opposite banks and Caesar rebuilds a bridge. Caesars men headed to Gergovia. Meanwhile, Convictolitanis, the man Caesar had chosen to be king of the Aedui, treacherously conferred with the Arverni, who told him that the Aeduans holding out was preventing the allied Gauls from being victorious against the Romans. By this time the Gauls realized their freedom was at stake and having the Romans around to arbitrate and help them against other invaders meant the loss of freedom and heavy demands in terms of soldiers and supplies. Between such arguments and bribes made to the Aedui by the allies of Vercingetorix, the Aedui were convinced. One of those in on the discussion was Litavicus, who was put in charge of the infantry being sent to Caesar. He headed towards Gergovia, providing protection for some Roman citizens on the way. When they were near Gergovia, Litavicus riled up his troops against the Romans. He falsely claimed the Romans had killed some of their favorite leaders. His men then tortured and killed the Romans under their protection. Some rode off to th e other Aeduan towns to convince them to resist and avenge themselves on the Romans, as well. Not all Aeduans agreed. One in the company of Caesar learned of Litavicus actions and told Caesar. Caesar then took some of his men with him and rode to the army of the Aedui and presented to them those very men they thought the Romans had killed. The army lay down its arms and submitted themselves. Caesar spared them and marched back towards Gergovia. Gergovia When Caesar finally reached Gergovia, he surprised the inhabitants. At first, all was going well for the Romans in the conflict, but then fresh Gallic troops arrived. Many of Caesars troops did not hear when he called for a retreat. Instead, they continued to fight and try to plunder the city. Many were killed but they still did not stop. Finally, ending the days engagement, Vercingetorix, as the victor, called off the fight for the day when new Roman legions arrived. Adrian Goldsworthy says an estimated 700 Roman soldiers and 46 centurions were killed. Caesar dismissed two important Aeduans, Viridomarus and Eporedorix, who went to the Aeduan town of Noviodunum on the Loire, where they learned that further negotiations were being made between the Aeduans and the Arvernians. They burned the town so the Romans couldnt feed themselves from it and began to build up armed garrisons around the river. When Caesar heard of these developments he thought he should put down the revolt quickly before the armed force grew too large. This he did, and after his troops had surprised the Aeduans, they took the food and cattle they found in the fields and then marched off to the territory of the Senones. Meanwhile, other Gallic tribes heard of the revolt of the Aedui. Caesars very competent legate, Labienus, found himself surrounded by two newly rebelling groups and so needed to move out his troops by stealth. The Gauls under Camulogenus were tricked by his maneuvers and then defeated in a battle where Camulogenus was slain. Labienus then led his men to join Caesar. Meanwhile, Vercingetorix had thousands of cavalry from the Aedui and Segusiani. He sent other troops against the Helvii whom he defeated while he led his mena and allies against the Allobroges. To deal with Vercingetorix attack against the Allobroges, Caesar sent for cavalry and light-armed infantry help from the Germanic tribes beyond the Rhine. Vercingetorix decided the time was right to attack the Roman forces whom he judged to be inadequate in number, as well as encumbered with their baggage. The Arverni and allies divided into three groups to attack. Caesar divided his troops in three, too, and fought back, with the Germans obtaining a hilltop formerly in Arverni possession. The Germans pursued the Gallic enemy to the river where Vercingetorix was stationed with his infantry. When the Germans started to kill the Averni, they fled. Many of Caesars enemies were slaughtered, Vercingetorix cavalry was routed, and some of the tribal leaders were captured. Alesia Vercingetorix then led his army to Alesia. Caesar followed, killing those he could. When they reached Alesia, the Romans surrounded the hilltop city. Vercingetorix sent out mounted troops to go to their tribes to round up all those old enough to bear arms. They were able to ride through the places where the Romans hadnt yet completed their fortification. The fortifications were not just a means to contain those within. The Romans put torturous devices on the outside that could injure an army pressing against it. The Romans needed some to gather timber and food. Others worked on building the fortifications, which meant Caesars troop strength was diminished. Because of this, there were skirmishes, although Vercingetorix was waiting for Gallic allies to join him before a full-fledged fight against Caesars army. The Arvernian allies sent fewer than asked, but still, a great number of troops, to Alesia where they believed the Romans would easily be defeated by the Gallic troops on two fronts, from within Alesia and from those newly arriving. The Romans and Germans stationed themselves both inside their fortifications to fight those in the city and outside to fight the newly arriving army. The Gauls from outside attacked at night by throwing things from a distance and alerting Vercingetorix to their presence. The next day the allies came closer and many were injured on the Roman fortifications, so they withdrew. The next day, the Gauls attacked from both sides. A few Roman cohorts left the fortifications and circled round to the rear of the outer enemy whom they surprised and slaughtered when they tried to flee. Vercingetorix saw what had happened and gave up, surrendering himself and his weapons. Later Vercingetorix would be displayed as a prize in Caesars triumph of 46 B.C. Caesar, generous to the Aedui and Arverni, distributed Gallic captives so that every soldier throughout the army received one as plunder. Source: The Gallic Menace in Caesars Propaganda, by Jane F. Gardner Greece Rome  © 1983.

Sir I And His Archbishop Of Canterbury William Laud

In 1637 Charles I and his Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud demanded that the new English Book of Common Prayer be used in Scotland as well as in England. In this move to achieve uniformity between the Scottish and English churches Charles created huge amounts of anxiety and anger in the Scottish people- many of whom were Presbyterian and strongly anti-Catholic. The Scots feared that the Kirk would be Anglicized with Charles and Laud’s Armenian and revolted against this religious policy. The Scottish rebellion can be viewed as sowing the seeds for civil war in England by 1642 by fracturing that delicate and fragile union of the Three Kingdoms created by James I. However, there other factors which must be considered when looking at the†¦show more content†¦The ‘Long Parliament’- a direct result of events in Scotland, was disastrous for Charles. Pym and the rival faction took the opportunity provided by the ‘Long Parliament’ to pass the â⠂¬ËœGrand Remonstrance’- a list of grievances against the king. Charles was also forced to execute Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Stafford and William Laud. The execution of Wentworth left a vacuum for royal authority in Ireland leading to the Irish rebellion in 1641. The historian John Morrill highlights the significance of the ‘Long Parliament’ in that Charles would no longer have the freedom to conduct his preferred ‘Personal Rule’ and therefore managers of the Parliament ‘set their sights high’ - rightfully anticipating great change from it. Therefore, the Scottish rebellion clearly had a huge impact on Charles’s rule. His authority and royal prerogative was diminished when he was forced to call a Parliament that listed grievances against him. An allegiance was forged between the English Parliamentarians and Scottish Covenanters who were both strongly anti-papist and anti-Catholic which alienated Charles. Conrad Russell believes that we cannot say the civil war was a result of long-term causes, rather it was the result of a short-term failure to solve a political crisis and he places emphasis on the idea that it was the closely intertwined nature of the Three Kingdoms that led to civil war. Russell states ‘there are more senses than

Wireless Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System

Question: Discuss about theWireless Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System. Answer: Introduction Todays world is technology oriented and even to accomplish a simple task the technology is used. The technology brings the nation to its forefront by effective working processes and thus, the technology has increased the demands in all the aspects. In the earlier days, there were street lights which were controlled manually, but the modern world is moving towards implementing traditional systems in Eco-friendly ways. The technology has advanced and it demands change, a change which brings efficiency in work. And in many cities, due to the manual controlling of street lights there is a lot of electricity wasted as the light are left without turning it off. Therefore, the wireless street lights controlling and monitoring system is developed to reduce the power consumption, for easy maintenance, for reducing CO emissions and for reducing the cost for maintenance. The objective is that, the various wireless street light controlling and monitoring systems for controlling and monitoring the status of street lights are summarized. Literature Review Smart Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Saving by Using VANE According to [1], the most of the countrys electricity is consumed in the street lighting. According to this research paper, it is considered that there is possibility that the electric power for the street lights can be reduced. The main idea is that the electricity can be reduced in the areas where there are no vehicles available during late nights. This is made possible to function automatically. And the aim is that when the sensor encounters the vehicles coming nearby then the lights are turned on automatically. To develop an automatically controlling and monitoring system for the street lights, it requires a system which can detect the vehicles, its speed and its location automatically. And, it is expected that this can save a lot of electric power in all the countries. It is also assumed to increase the shelf life of the lamps and continues the automatic controlling and monitoring with the help of the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET). Thus, this system identifies all the requi red quantities like the location of the vehicles, their presence and their speed. The infrastructure of VANET has the capacity to reduce the cost and increases the system's deployment process. The wireless Ad-Hoc networks offers security of wireless technologies based on the Wireless Ad-Hoc networks. The mobile computing devices and the wireless communications. The wireless communication helps to maximize the road safety, by exchanging the safety related information. The direct communication between vehicles using an Ad-Hoc network is referred to as inter-vehicle communication (IVC) or Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). This gives the benefit of communicating with the surrounding wireless transceiver and controller. The VANET structure contains Road-Side Unites (RSUs) network, which are the interconnected Wireless Access Point and the vehicles are considered as the mobile nodes. This interconnection allows the communication of vehicles at the same instance. LED Based Energy Efficient Wireless Street Light Control and Monitoring System As stated in [2], the renewable energy sources is used in the place of a typical power sources. This change focuses to take care of the environment. This research paper, talks about the use of the solar energy for the working units to control the street lighting system. The available wireless street lighting control systems in the market contains certain disadvantages, to rectify this problem the solar LED street lights are used. This promises greater efficiency when compared with the previously used systems. The (GPRS) General Packet Radio Service is utilised for transmitting the real time data of the street light. This also has the capacity to identify the faults in the system and can also contacts the control room to resolve the issues. Earlier, the solar lights systems were controlled using the traditional artificial inspection tour. This tour increase the work, due to which the maintenance is delayed. Thus, the management faced inconvenience situation. Hence, to create a convenient management, the research paper considers monitoring the function on time, and controlling is appropriately is required. And this is satisfied by the intelligent and energy efficient wireless street light controller and a monitoring system. This is available with a Radio frequency and GPRS. Additionally, even the use of electricity is saved with the use of solar energy. The advantage of solar light is that the amount of carbon dioxide emissions can be easily decreased. Intelligent Wireless Street Lighting System According to [3], the ZigBee-based wireless devices are used for wireless communication of the street lights. Various sensors are used for the controlling and maintenance management. The main aspect is that the transmission is carried out in term of point-by-point. The transmitters and receivers are used for this transmission process. Due the increasing carbon dioxide emission, this paper contains three solutions. The solutions are, use of recent technologies like the LED. The next solution is the most revolutionizing method, which uses the remote management system for the street light management. The GPRS transmission, power line carrier transmission or GSM is used for communication. The last solution is to make use of the renewable energy source such as the solar energy. The ZigBee protocol and the network sensors are utilised for management purpose. The three solutions ensures to save the electricity, reduces the harm of CO2. And offers an intelligent system for managing the stree t light systems. Conclusion The three research papers are reviewed and their purpose and use in the wireless street lighting controlling and monitoring system is reviewed. In the first paper, the VANET infrastructure is used for reducing the cost and efficiency of working in the automatic controlling and monitoring system of street lights. The second paper, uses solar LED Street light and the RF and the GPRS are a communication medium to transfer the real time data. Moreover the amount of carbon dioxide emission is reduced. In the third paper, the ZigBee-based wireless devices are used for wireless communication of the street lights. Here, the transmitters and receivers are used for this transmission process. Therefore, various wireless street light controlling and monitoring system are mentioned. References S. Mohamed, "Smart Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Saving by Using VANET",IJCNS, vol. 06, no. 08, pp. 351-360, 2013. N. Bakshi, S. L.Chavan and T. Temkar, "LED Based Energy Efficient Wireless Street Light Control and Monitoring System",International Journal for Research in Applied Science Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 3, no., 2015. F. Leccese and Z. Leonowicz, "Intelligent wireless street lighting system",Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2012.